Kennel cough, or infectious tracheobronchitis, is a relatively nonspecific phrase that can refer to a number of underlying causes. While many use the term “kennel cough” to refer to respiratory infections caused by the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica, there are a multitude of viruses and bacterial agents that can cause a dog to develop a cough. The recent outbreak in GA appears to be caused by a bacteria called mycoplasma (no available vaccine). If your dog begins coughing, it is important to notify your regular veterinarian to rule out any other underlying causes that may be responsible for the animal’s symptoms. And to notify us so we may be able to assess the severity of the outbreak and take precautionary measures. The Animal Medical Clinic Pet Care Center and Hotel 770-632-0900

While Bordetella vaccinations offer protection against infections caused by the bacteria, they cannot prevent 100% of infections, and they cannot offer immunity against other bacterial or viral causes of infectious tracheobronchitis. Despite its shortcomings, there is evidence that the Bordetella vaccine can help decrease the overall number and severity of infections. A naturally occurring infection does not provide immunity against future infections.

Definitive identification of the underlying cause requires submission of samples from an infected patient’s nose and throat to a diagnostic laboratory. In cases where symptoms appear mild, additional testing is often not performed. And treatment may not be necessary. However, in cases where the dog is lethargic, has a fever or lack of appetite, your veterinarian may recommend additional diagnostics such as blood work, chest radiographs and treatment.

Many causes of respiratory infections are extremely contagious, and dogs can become exposed via close contact with another infected dog in a variety of settings including dog parks, daycare facilities and training classes. These facilities attempt to limit the spread of infection by requiring proof of vaccination and directing owners of symptomatic animals to keep their dogs at home.

Many viruses and bacteria like B. bronchiseptica have a preference for establishing themselves within the lining of a dog’s airway. The bacteria or virus is then released into the air each time an animal coughs, producing a source of infection for other animals. As a result, any dog with a suspected respiratory infection should be kept away from other dogs for at least one week after all symptoms have completely resolved.

The incubation period ranges from 4-14 days. The most common clinical signs include the abrupt onset of a dry, hacking cough that often culminates with a retching noise. Some animals may also experience fever, nasal discharge, lack of appetite and lethargy. Although there is the chance that a mild respiratory infection may become more serious, the majority of infections are typically self limiting and characterized by a mild cough that lasts 1-2 weeks. However, even if your animal’s symptoms are mild it is important to notify your regular veterinarian.

These infections are strains that are specific to dogs, and cannot be passed on to humans, felines or other non canine pets.

Coughing can become a vicious cycle even in patients with a mild infection. Coughing is a result of inflammation caused by the actions of a viral or bacterial infection. However, the action of coughing can also lead to additional local irritation and inflammation. If you feel your dog’s episodes of coughing are frequent and severe enough that they interfere with eating, drinking and sleeping, speak to your regular veterinarian about whether or not a cough suppressant  should be prescribed. Respiratory infections often need time to run their course, and it is not unusual for patients to have a pronounced cough for 1-2 weeks despite antibiotic therapy. During this time, it is important to keep your veterinarian updated as to how your dog is doing at home in regards to appetite and energy. If you see changes in these areas, or if your dog seems to have any difficulty breathing comfortably, you should seek prompt medical attention.

There are currently injectable, intranasal and oral forms of the vaccine against Bordetella bronchiseptica available. According to the vaccination guidelines established by the American Veterinary Medical Association, the oral or intranasal form can be administered as early as 8 weeks of age. The injectable form is typically administered as early as 8 weeks of age with a booster given 4 weeks later. It is recommended that adult dogs with potential for exposure to at risk environments be vaccinated every 12 months. Just like in humans, there are many types of bacteria and viruses that cause upper respiratory infections for which we do not have a vaccine.

At The Animal Medical Clinic Pet Care Center, we strive to stay current in all areas pertaining to the pets in our care. We take every precaution in creating a safe environment for our pets, and this includes minimizing the chances of them contracting Canine Cough through thorough daily disinfection, close monitoring of dogs, and vaccination requirements.

The Bordetella vaccination protects against some of the common causes of Canine Cough. Dogs who regularly interact with other dogs, e.g., at a dog park, training class, grooming, day care and boarding facility, or other social setting, are at a higher risk of Canine Cough exposure. The Animal Medical Clinic Pet Care Center’s social, all-day play environment means your pup will be around many different dogs.

Therefore, all dogs must be current on their Bordetella vaccination.